Proper Motions with Respect to Galaxies

The total graph of a commutative semiring with respect to proper ideals

Let $I$ be a proper ideal of a commutative semiring $R$ and let $P(I)$ be the set of all elements of $R$ that are not prime to $I$. In this paper, we investigate the total graph of $R$ with respect to $I$, denoted by $T(Gamma_{I} (R))$. It is the (undirected) graph with elements of $R$ as vertices, and for distinct $x, y in R$, the vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $x + y in P(I)...

a comparison of teachers and supervisors, with respect to teacher efficacy and reflection

supervisors play an undeniable role in training teachers, before starting their professional experience by preparing them, at the initial years of their teaching by checking their work within the proper framework, and later on during their teaching by assessing their progress. but surprisingly, exploring their attributes, professional demands, and qualifications has remained a neglected theme i...

Minimal thinness with respect to subordinate killed Brownian motions

Minimal thinness is a notion that describes the smallness of a set at a boundary point. In this paper, we provide tests for minimal thinness for a large class of subordinate killed Brownian motions in bounded C domains, C domains with compact complements and domains above graphs of bounded C functions. AMS 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 60J50, 31C40; Secondary 31C35, 60J45, 60...

Structure of proper motions in a sunspot penumbra

The generalized total graph of modules respect to proper submodules over commutative rings.

Let $M$ be a module over a commutative ring $R$ and let $N$ be a proper submodule of $M$. The total graph of $M$ over $R$ with respect to $N$, denoted by $T(Gamma_{N}(M))$, have been introduced and studied in [2]. In this paper, A generalization of the total graph $T(Gamma_{N}(M))$, denoted by $T(Gamma_{N,I}(M))$ is presented, where $I$ is an ideal of $R$. It is the graph with all elements of $...